Learning from collective-led sanitation enterprises in two cities of Odisha

This formative study from Berhampur and Dhenkanal shows how collective-led sanitation enterprises — including women, transgender and PwD SHGs — can deliver stable livelihoods and sustain sanitation services when contracts, training and payment systems are fit for purpose.

What you will find in this study

  • Evidence of stable income across collectives, with higher earning potential in FSTPs and SWM wealth centres than in CT/PT operations

  • SHG-friendly contracts in local language supporting adoption, alongside challenges such as payment delays and cumbersome claim processes

  • The value of customised training and structured monitoring through field visits, WhatsApp groups and federations
  • Recommendations on social protection, women-friendly PPE, grievance redress and diversified revenue streams to enhance long-term sustainability

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